Ordnungszahl: |
48 |
Name: |
Cadmium |
Namensursprung: |
Greek: kadmeia (ancient name for calamine (zinc oxide)). |
Entdeckung: |
1817 by Fredrich Stromeyer in Germany |
Beschreibung: |
Soft, malleable, blue-white metal. |
Vorkommen: |
Obtained as a by product of zinc refining. |
Verwendung: |
Used in NiCd batteries. Also in electroplating steel
and in the manufacture of bearings. Its compounds are found in paint
pigments and a wide variety of intense colors. Boiling cadmium gives
off a weird, yellow-colored vapor that is poisonous. |
Gruppe: |
Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
112.411 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
320.9°C |
Siedepunkt: |
765°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
8.65 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,18,2 |
Orbitale: |
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 |
Valenzen: |
2 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
8.9937 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
16.908 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
37.48 V |
Atomradius: |
1.71 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.23 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
99.570 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
6.192 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
30.8 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
23110.9 |
26096.7 |
3133.83 |
3316.69 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
0.53648 |
0.4751 |
3.95635 |
3.73823 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
26711 |
4018 |
3727 |
3538 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
440.8 |
0 |
Å |
0.46417 |
3.08575 |
3.32668 |
3.50439 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
28.1274 |
0 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
84% |
0% |
6.9% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Cd106 |
1.22% |
105.906 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Cd108 |
0.88% |
107.904 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Cd109 |
0% |
109 |
5/2 |
462d |
EC |
Cd110 |
12.39% |
109.903 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Cd111 |
12.75% |
110.904 |
1/2 |
|
Stable |
Cd111m |
0% |
111 |
11/2 |
48.5m |
IT |
Cd112 |
24.07% |
111.903 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Cd113 |
12.26% |
112.904 |
1/2 |
9E15y |
β- |
Cd113m |
0% |
113 |
11/2 |
14.1y |
β-,IT |
Cd114 |
28.86% |
113.903 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Cd115 |
0% |
115 |
1/2 |
2.228d |
β- |
Cd115m |
0% |
115 |
11/2 |
44.6d |
β- |
Cd116 |
7.58% |
115.905 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Cd117 |
0% |
117 |
1/2 |
2.49h |
β-,β- |
Cd117m |
0% |
117 |
11/2 |
3.4h |
β-,β- | |