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Kupfer (Cu)

Ordnungszahl: 29
Name: Copper
Namensursprung: Symbol from Latin: cuprum (island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines).
Entdeckung: Known to the ancients.
Beschreibung: Malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal.
Vorkommen: Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. Usually found in sulfides as in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), coveline (CuS), chalcosine (Cu2S) or oxides like cuprite (Cu2O).
Verwendung: Most often used as an electrical conductor. Also used in the manufacture of water pipes. Its alloys are used in jewelry and for coins.
Gruppe: Transition Metal
Atomgewicht: 63.546
Schmelzpunkt: 1083°C
Siedepunkt: 2567°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 8.96 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,8,18,1
Orbitale: [Ar] 3d10 4s1
Valenzen: 1,2
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 7.7264 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: 20.292 V
3. Ionisierungs- potential: 36.83 V
Atomradius: 1.57 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.38 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 300.30 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 13.050 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 16.5 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 8041.39 8905.59 929.705 949.861 0 0      
Å 1.54184 1.39222 13.336 13.053 0 0      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 8979 1097 952.68 933.06 112.1 77.7 74.7 0 0
Å 1.38084 11.3022 13.0144 13.288 110.602 159.569 165.978 0 0
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  44.6% 0% 0.6% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
Cu61 0% 61 3/2 3.35h β+,EC
Cu62 0% 62 1 9.74m β+,EC
Cu63 69.09% 62.9296 3/2   Stable
Cu64 0% 63.93 1 12.701h EC,β-,β+
Cu65 30.91% 64.9278 3/2   Stable
Cu67 0% 67 3/2 2.580d β-


book | by Dr. Radut