Ordnungszahl: |
94 |
Name: |
Plutonium |
Namensursprung: |
Named for the planet Pluto. |
Entdeckung: |
1940 by G.T.Seaborg, J.W.Kennedy, E.M.McMillan, A.C.Wohl in United States |
Beschreibung: |
Silvery-white, extremely radioactive artificially produced metal. |
Vorkommen: |
Found rarely in some uranium ores. Made by bombarding uranium with neutrons. |
Verwendung: |
Used in bombs and reactors. Small quantities are used in thermo-electric generators. |
Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
(244.0642) |
Schmelzpunkt: |
641°C |
Siedepunkt: |
3232°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
19.8 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,32,24,8,2 |
Orbitale: |
[Rn] 5f6 7s2 |
Valenzen: |
3,4,5,6 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
6.06 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
-- |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
-- |
Atomradius: |
-- |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.13 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
344.0 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
2.840 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
46.7 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
0 |
0 |
14279.1 |
18294.5 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
0 |
0 |
0.8683 |
0.67772 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
121810 |
23096 |
22265 |
18056 |
5933 |
5541 |
4557 |
3973 |
3708 |
Å |
0.10178 |
0.53682 |
0.55686 |
0.68667 |
2.08976 |
2.2376 |
2.72077 |
3.1207 |
3.34373 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
97.7% |
0% |
49.4% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Pu236 |
0% |
236.046 |
0 |
2.87y |
α,SF |
Pu237 |
0% |
237.048 |
7/2 |
45.2d |
EC,α |
Pu238 |
0% |
238.05 |
0 |
87.7y |
α,SF |
Pu239 |
0% |
239.052 |
1/2 |
2.41E04y |
α,SF |
Pu240 |
0% |
240.054 |
0 |
6.56E03y |
α,SF |
Pu241 |
0% |
241.057 |
5/2 |
14.4y |
β-,α |
Pu242 |
0% |
242.059 |
0 |
3.75E05y |
α,SF |
Pu243 |
0% |
243 |
7/2 |
4.956h |
β- |
Pu244 |
0% |
244.064 |
0 |
8.0E07y |
α,SF |
Pu245 |
0% |
245 |
9/2 |
10.5h |
β- |
Pu246 |
0% |
246 |
0 |
10.85d |
β- | |