Ordnungszahl: |
4 |
Name: |
Beryllium |
Namensursprung: |
Greek: beryllos, 'beryl' (a mineral). |
Entdeckung: |
1798 by Fredrich Wöhler, A.A.Bussy in Germany/France |
Beschreibung: |
Hard, brittle, steel-gray metal. Lightest rigid metal. Formerly called glucinium (Gl) for its sweet but deadly taste. |
Vorkommen: |
Found mostly in minerals like beryl [AlBe3(Si6O18)] and chrysoberyl (Al2BeO4). Pure beryllium is obtained by chemically reducing beryl mineral. Also by electrolysis of beryllium chloride. |
Verwendung: |
Its ability to absorb large amounts of heat makes it
useful in spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, etc. Emeralds are beryl
crystals with chromium traces giving them their green color. |
Gruppe: |
Alkali Earth Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
9.012182 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
1287°C |
Siedepunkt: |
2472°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
1.848 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,2 |
Orbitale: |
[He] 2s2 |
Valenzen: |
2 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
9.3226 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
18.211 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
153.893 V |
Atomradius: |
1.40 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
1.82 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
292.40 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
12.20 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
11.3 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
108.759 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
114 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
111 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Å |
111.699 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Be7 |
0% |
7.0169 |
3/2 |
53.28d |
EC |
Be9 |
100% |
9.0122 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Be10 |
0% |
10.0135 |
0 |
2.6E06y |
β- | |