Ordnungszahl: |
69 |
Name: |
Thulium |
Namensursprung: |
From Thule ancient name of Scandinavia. |
Entdeckung: |
1879 by Per Theodor Cleve in Sweden |
Beschreibung: |
Soft, malleable, ductile, silvery metal |
Vorkommen: |
Found with other rare earths in the minerals
gadolinite, euxenite, xenotime, and monazite. Monazite is often 50%
rare earth by weight and 0.007% thulium. |
Verwendung: |
Radioactive thulium is used to power portable x-ray machines, eliminating the need for electrical equipment. |
Gruppe: |
Actinide Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
168.93421 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
1545°C |
Siedepunkt: |
1950°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
9.33 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,31,8,2 |
Orbitale: |
[Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
Valenzen: |
3 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
6.1843 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
12.054 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
26.367 V |
Atomradius: |
2.42 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.16 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
191.0 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
16.840 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
12 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
0 |
0 |
7180.07 |
8101.5 |
1462.09 |
1503.04 |
|
|
|
Å |
0 |
0 |
1.7268 |
1.5304 |
8.48001 |
8.24898 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
59386 |
10115 |
9617 |
8648 |
2307 |
2090 |
1885 |
1515 |
1468 |
Å |
0.20877 |
1.22576 |
1.28923 |
1.43369 |
5.37431 |
5.93232 |
6.57747 |
8.18385 |
8.44587 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
94.7% |
0% |
25.1% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Tm168 |
0% |
168 |
3 |
93.1d |
EC |
Tm169 |
100% |
168.934 |
1/2 |
|
Stable |
Tm170 |
0% |
170 |
1 |
128.6d |
β- |
Tm171 |
0% |
171 |
1/2 |
1.92y |
β- |
Tm172 |
0% |
172 |
2 |
2.65d |
β- | |