Ordnungszahl: |
80 |
Name: |
Mercury |
Namensursprung: |
From the Roman god Mercury; symbol from Latin: hydrargyrus (liquid silver). |
Entdeckung: |
Known to the ancients. |
Beschreibung: |
Heavy, silver-white metal, liquid at ordinary temperatures. |
Vorkommen: |
Virtually all mercury comes from cinnabar or mercury
sulfide (HgS). Some sources of red cinnabar are so rich in mercury that
droplets of elemental mercury can be found in random samples. |
Verwendung: |
Used in thermometers, barometers, and batteries. Also used in electrical switches and mercury-vapor lighting products. |
Gruppe: |
Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
200.59 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
-38.87°C |
Siedepunkt: |
356.58°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
13.546 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Liquid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,32,18,2 |
Orbitale: |
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 |
Valenzen: |
1,2 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
10.4375 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
18.759 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
34.202 V |
Atomradius: |
1.76 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.139 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
59.229 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
2.295 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
49 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
0 |
0 |
9989.16 |
11823 |
2195.36 |
2282.58 |
|
|
|
Å |
0 |
0 |
1.2412 |
1.04868 |
5.64761 |
5.43181 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
83097 |
14838 |
14208 |
12283 |
2562 |
3279 |
2847 |
2385 |
2295 |
Å |
0.14920 |
0.83559 |
0.87264 |
1.00941 |
4.8394 |
3.7812 |
4.35495 |
5.19855 |
5.40241 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
96.6% |
0% |
36.6% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Hg194 |
0% |
194 |
0 |
520y |
EC |
Hg196 |
0.146% |
195.966 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Hg197 |
0% |
197 |
1/2 |
2.672d |
EC |
Hg197m |
0% |
197 |
15/2 |
23.8h |
IT,EC |
Hg198 |
10.02% |
197.967 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Hg199 |
16.4% |
198.968 |
1/2 |
|
Stable |
Hg200 |
23.13% |
199.968 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Hg201 |
13.22% |
200.97 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Hg202 |
29.8% |
201.971 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Hg203 |
0% |
203 |
5/2 |
46.61d |
β- |
Hg204 |
6.85% |
202.974 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Hg206 |
0% |
206 |
0 |
8.2m |
β- | |