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Wolfram (W)

Ordnungszahl: 74
Name: Tungsten
Namensursprung: Swedish: tung sten (heavy stone): symbol from its German name wolfram.
Entdeckung: 1783 by Fausto and Juan José de Elhuyar in Spain
Beschreibung: Hard, steel-gray to white metal. Highest melting point of all metals.
Vorkommen: Occurs in the minerals scheelite (CaWO4) and wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO4].
Verwendung: Made into filaments for vacuum tubes and electric lights. Also as contact points in cars. Combined with calcium or magnesium it makes phosphors. Tungsten carbide is extremely hard and is used for making cutting tools and abrasives.
Gruppe: Transition Metal
Atomgewicht: 183.84
Schmelzpunkt: 3410°C +/-20°C
Siedepunkt: 5660°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 19.3 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,8,18,32,12,2
Orbitale: [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Valenzen: 2,3,4,5,6
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 7.98 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: --
3. Ionisierungs- potential: --
Atomradius: 2.02 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.13 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 824.0 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 35.40 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 4.5 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 0 0 8397.88 9672.68 1775.53 1834.92      
Å 0 0 1.47639 1.28181 6.98301 6.75699      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 69521 12099 11543 10206 2820 2575 2281 1872 1810
Å 0.17834 1.02476 1.07412 1.21483 4.39665 4.81497 5.43557 6.62315 6.85002
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  95.7% 0% 30.4% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
W180 0.14% 179.947 0   Stable
W181 0% 181 9/2 121.2d EC
W182 26.41% 181.948 0   Stable
W183 14.4% 182.95 1/2   Stable
W184 30.64% 183.951 0   Stable
W185 0% 185 3/2 74.8d β-
W185m 0% 185 9/2 1.6m IT
W186 28.41% 185.954 0   Stable
W187 0% 187 3/2 23.9h β-
W188 0% 188 0 69.4d β-


book | by Dr. Radut