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Niob (Nb)

Ordnungszahl: 41
Name: Niobium
Namensursprung: From Niobe; daughter of the mythical Greek king Tantalus.
Entdeckung: 1801 by Charles Hatchet in England
Beschreibung: Shiny white, soft, ductile metal.
Vorkommen: Occurs in a mineral columbite. Formerly known as colombium (Cb). It is used in stainless steel alloys for nuclear reactors, jets and missiles.
Verwendung: Used as an alloy with iron and nickel. It can be used in nuclear reactors and is known to be superconductive when alloyed with tin, aluminum or zirconium.
Gruppe: Transition Metal
Atomgewicht: 92.90638
Schmelzpunkt: 2468°C +/-10°C
Siedepunkt: 4742°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 8.57 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,8,18,12,1
Orbitale: [Kr] 4d4 5s1
Valenzen: 2,3,5
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 6.7589 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: 14.32 V
3. Ionisierungs- potential: 25.04 V
Atomradius: 2.08 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.26 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 682.0 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 26.40 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 7.3 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 16584.2 18953.4 2165.95 2257.44 0 0      
Å 0.74761 0.65415 5.7243 5.4923 0 0      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 18986 2698 2465 2371 0 0 0 0 204
Å 0.65303 4.59546 5.02983 5.22925 0 0 0 0 60.7772
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  74.7% 0% 3.5% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
Nb90 0% 90 8 14.6h β+,EC
Nb91 0% 91 9/2 7E02y EC,β+
Nb91m 0% 91 1/2 62d IT,EC
Nb92 0% 92 9/2 3.6E07y EC
Nb92m 0% 92 2 10.13d EC,β+
Nb93 100% 92.9064 9/2   Stable
Nb93m 0% 93 1/2 16.1y IT
Nb94 0% 93.9057 6 2.0E04y β-
Nb94m 0% 94 3 6.26m IT,β-
Nb95 0% 94.9065 9/2 34.97d β-
Nb95m 0% 95 1/2 3.61d IT,β-
Nb96 0% 96 6 23.4h β-
Nb97 0% 97 9/2 1.23h β-
Nb97m 0% 97 1/2 58.1s IT


book | by Dr. Radut