Ordnungszahl: |
35 |
Name: |
Bromine |
Namensursprung: |
Greek: brômos (stench). |
Entdeckung: |
1826 by Antoine J. Balard in France |
Beschreibung: |
Redish-brown liquid. |
Vorkommen: |
Occurs in compounds in sea water. |
Verwendung: |
It was once used in large quantities to make a
compound that removed lead compound build up in engines burning leaded
gasoline. Now it is primarily used in dyes, disinfectants, and
photographic chemicals. |
Gruppe: |
Halogen |
Atomgewicht: |
79.904 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
-7.2°C |
Siedepunkt: |
58.78°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
3.119 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Liquid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,7 |
Orbitale: |
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 |
Valenzen: |
1,3,5,7 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
11.8138 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
21.8 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
36.0 V |
Atomradius: |
1.12 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.473 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
15.438 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
5.286 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
-- |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
11909.1 |
13291.9 |
1480.49 |
1525.95 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
1.0411 |
0.93278 |
8.37462 |
8.12513 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
13474 |
1782 |
1596 |
1550 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
71 |
Å |
0.92018 |
6.95765 |
7.76851 |
7.99906 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
174.627 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
62.2% |
0% |
1.6% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Br76 |
0% |
76 |
1 |
16.0h |
β+,EC |
Br77 |
0% |
76.921 |
3/2 |
2.376d |
EC,β+ |
Br79 |
50.54% |
78.9183 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Br80 |
0% |
80 |
1 |
17.66m |
β-,EC,β+ |
Br80m |
0% |
80 |
9/2 |
4.42h |
IT |
Br81 |
49.46% |
80.9163 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Br82 |
0% |
81.917 |
5 |
1.471d |
β- |
Br83 |
0% |
83 |
3/2 |
2.40h |
β-,β- |
Br84 |
0% |
84 |
2 |
31.8m |
β- |
Br85 |
0% |
85 |
3/2 |
2.87m |
β-,β- | |