Ordnungszahl: |
17 |
Name: |
Chlorine |
Namensursprung: |
Greek: chlôros (greenish yellow). |
Entdeckung: |
1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in Sweden |
Beschreibung: |
Greenish-yellow, disagreeable gas. Never found in free form in nature. |
Vorkommen: |
Salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is its most common
compound. Commercial quantities are produced by electrolysis of aqueous
sodium chloride (seawater or brine from salt mines). |
Verwendung: |
Used in water purification, bleaches, acids and many, many other compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (ClFC). |
Gruppe: |
Halogen |
Atomgewicht: |
35.4527 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
-100.98°C |
Siedepunkt: |
-34.6°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
0.003214 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Gas |
Schalen: |
2,8,7 |
Orbitale: |
[Ne] 3s2 3p5 |
Valenzen: |
1,3,5,7 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
12.9676 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
23.81 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
39.611 V |
Atomradius: |
0.97 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.48 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
10.20 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
3.203 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
-- |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
2621.94 |
2815.67 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
4.72877 |
4.40341 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
1823 |
0 |
0 |
202 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Å |
6.80117 |
0 |
0 |
61.3789 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
9.4% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Cl35 |
75.53% |
34.9689 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Cl36 |
0% |
35.9797 |
2 |
3.01E05y |
β-,EC,β+ |
Cl37 |
24.47% |
36.9659 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Cl38 |
0% |
38 |
2 |
37.2m |
β- | |