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Sauerstoff (O)

Ordnungszahl: 8
Name: Oxygen
Namensursprung: Greek: oxys and genes, (acid former).
Entdeckung: 1774 by Joseph Priestly, Carl Wilhelm Scheele in England/Sweden
Beschreibung: Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas; pale blue liquid. Third most abundant element in the universe. It is the most abundant element in the earth's crust, and makes up almost 21% of the atmosphere.
Vorkommen: Obtained primarily from liquid air by fractional distillation. Small amounts are made in the laboratory by electrolysis of water or heating potassium chlorate (KClO3) with manganese dioxide (MnO2) catalyst.
Verwendung: Used in steel making, welding, and supporting life. Naturally occuring ozone (O3) in the upper atmosphere shields the earth from ultraviolet radiation.
Gruppe: Non-Metal
Atomgewicht: 15.9994
Schmelzpunkt: -218.4°C
Siedepunkt: -182.962°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 0.001429 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Gas
Schalen: 2,6
Orbitale: [He] 2s2 2p4
Valenzen: 2
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 13.6181 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: 35.117 V
3. Ionisierungs- potential: 54.934 V
Atomradius: 0.65 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.92 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 3.4099 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 0.22259 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 780 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 524.917 0 0 0 0 0      
Å 23.62 0 0 0 0 0      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 531.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Å 23.3187 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  0.6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
O15 0% 15 1/2 122.2s β+,EC
O16 99.759% 15.9949 0   Stable
O17 0.037% 16.9991 5/2   Stable
O18 0.204% 17.9992 0   Stable


book | by Dr. Radut