Ordnungszahl: |
79 |
Name: |
Gold |
Namensursprung: |
Anglo-Saxon: geolo (yellow); symbol from Latin: aurum (shining dawn). |
Entdeckung: |
Known to the ancients. |
Beschreibung: |
Soft, malleable, bright yellow metal. |
Vorkommen: |
Found in veins in the crust, with cooper ore and native. |
Verwendung: |
Very malleable. Used in electronics, jewelry and
coins. It is a good reflector of infrared radiation, so a thin film of
gold is applied to the glass of skyscrapers to reduce internal heating
from sunlight. |
Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
196.96654 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
1064.43°C |
Siedepunkt: |
2808°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
19.32 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,32,18,1 |
Orbitale: |
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
Valenzen: |
1,3 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
9.2257 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
20.521 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
-- |
Atomradius: |
1.79 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.128 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
334.40 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
12.550 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
14.2 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
0 |
0 |
9713.68 |
11442.7 |
2123.04 |
2204.58 |
|
|
|
Å |
0 |
0 |
1.2764 |
1.08353 |
5.83999 |
5.62399 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
80720 |
14351 |
13733 |
11918 |
3425 |
3148 |
2763 |
2291 |
2206 |
Å |
0.15359 |
0.86395 |
0.90282 |
1.04032 |
3.62001 |
3.93855 |
4.48735 |
5.41185 |
5.62037 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
96.4% |
0% |
35.6% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Au194 |
0% |
194 |
1 |
1.64d |
EC,β+ |
Au195 |
0% |
195 |
3/2 |
186.12d |
EC |
Au195m |
0% |
195 |
11/2 |
30.5s |
IT |
Au196 |
0% |
196 |
2 |
6.18d |
EC,β-,β+ |
Au197 |
100% |
196.967 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Au197m |
0% |
197 |
11 |
7.8s |
IT |
Au198 |
0% |
198 |
2 |
2.694d |
β- |
Au199 |
0% |
199 |
3/2 |
3.14d |
β- | |