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Scandium (Sc)

Ordnungszahl: 21
Name: Scandium
Namensursprung: Latin: Scandia, Scandinavia.
Entdeckung: 1879 by Lars Nilson in Sweden
Beschreibung: Fairly soft, silvery-white metal. Eighth most abundant 'rare earth' found in the earth's crust (5.0 ppm).
Vorkommen: Occurs mainly in the minerals thortveitile (~34% scandium) and wiikite. Also in some tin and tungsten ores. Pure scandium is obtained as a by-product of uranium refining.
Verwendung: Scandium metal is used in some aerospace applications. Scandum oxide (Sc2O3) is used in the manufacture of high-intensity electric lamps. Scandium iodide (ScI3) is used in lamps that produce light having a color closely matching natural sunlight.
Gruppe: Transition Metal
Atomgewicht: 44.955910
Schmelzpunkt: 1541°C
Siedepunkt: 2830°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 3.0 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,8,9,2
Orbitale: [Ar] 3d1 4s2
Valenzen: 3
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 6.5614 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: 12.80 V
3. Ionisierungs- potential: 24.76 V
Atomradius: 2.09 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.6 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 314.20 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 14.10 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 10.0 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 4089.23 4460.55 395.488 399.695 0 0      
Å 3.032 2.7796 31.35 31.02 0 0      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 4493 0 0 401 0 0 0 0 0
Å 2.75952 0 0 30.9191 0 0 0 0 0
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  19% 0% 0.1% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
Sc44 0% 44 2 3.927h β+,EC
Sc45 100% 44.9559 7/2   Stable
Sc46 0% 45.955 4 83.81d β-
Sc46m 0% 46 1 18.72s IT
Sc47 0% 47 7/2 3.349d β-
Sc48 0% 48 6 43.67h β-
Sc49 0% 49 7/2 57.3m β-


book | by Dr. Radut