Ordnungszahl: |
21 |
Name: |
Scandium |
Namensursprung: |
Latin: Scandia, Scandinavia. |
Entdeckung: |
1879 by Lars Nilson in Sweden |
Beschreibung: |
Fairly soft, silvery-white metal. Eighth most abundant 'rare earth' found in the earth's crust (5.0 ppm). |
Vorkommen: |
Occurs mainly in the minerals thortveitile (~34%
scandium) and wiikite. Also in some tin and tungsten ores. Pure
scandium is obtained as a by-product of uranium refining. |
Verwendung: |
Scandium metal is used in some aerospace applications. Scandum oxide (Sc2O3) is used in the manufacture of high-intensity electric lamps. Scandium iodide (ScI3) is used in lamps that produce light having a color closely matching natural sunlight. |
Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
44.955910 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
1541°C |
Siedepunkt: |
2830°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
3.0 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,9,2 |
Orbitale: |
[Ar] 3d1 4s2 |
Valenzen: |
3 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
6.5614 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
12.80 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
24.76 V |
Atomradius: |
2.09 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.6 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
314.20 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
14.10 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
10.0 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
4089.23 |
4460.55 |
395.488 |
399.695 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
3.032 |
2.7796 |
31.35 |
31.02 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
4493 |
0 |
0 |
401 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Å |
2.75952 |
0 |
0 |
30.9191 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
19% |
0% |
0.1% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Sc44 |
0% |
44 |
2 |
3.927h |
β+,EC |
Sc45 |
100% |
44.9559 |
7/2 |
|
Stable |
Sc46 |
0% |
45.955 |
4 |
83.81d |
β- |
Sc46m |
0% |
46 |
1 |
18.72s |
IT |
Sc47 |
0% |
47 |
7/2 |
3.349d |
β- |
Sc48 |
0% |
48 |
6 |
43.67h |
β- |
Sc49 |
0% |
49 |
7/2 |
57.3m |
β- | |